Pope Francis passed away on April 21, 2025, at the age of 88, due to a cerebral stroke and heart failure. His doctor, Sergio Alfieri, confirmed that the Pope died peacefully at his residence, as per his wishes to avoid aggressive medical interventions. People.com
As the Catholic Church mourns his passing, attention turns to the process of selecting his successor. This article outlines the steps involved in electing a new Pope, a procedure steeped in tradition and governed by specific canonical laws.
The Period of Sede Vacante
Following the death of a Pope, the Holy See enters a phase known as sede vacante, meaning “the seat being vacant.” During this time, the College of Cardinals assumes limited administrative responsibilities. Most Vatican offices suspend major decisions, except for urgent matters approved by the College .Wikipedia
Role of the Camerlengo
The Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church plays a crucial role during the sede vacante. He verifies the Pope’s death, manages the Church’s temporal goods, and oversees preparations for the conclave. Traditionally, the Camerlengo would confirm death through a ritual, but modern practices involve medical verification. Britannica
Preparations for the Conclave
The conclave, the gathering to elect a new Pope, must commence between 15 and 20 days after the Pope’s death. This interval allows cardinals worldwide to assemble in Rome. During this period, the College of Cardinals conducts General Congregations to discuss the Church’s needs and prepare for the election. USCCB
Eligibility and Voting Process
Only cardinals under the age of 80 are eligible to vote in the conclave, with the number of electors capped at 120. The conclave is held in the Sistine Chapel, where electors are secluded from external communication to maintain secrecy. Voting occurs through secret ballots, requiring a two-thirds majority to elect a new Pope. If no candidate achieves this majority after several rounds, the process continues until a consensus is reached. Catholic Online News
Announcement of the New Pope
Upon achieving the required majority, the Dean of the College of Cardinals asks the elected cardinal if he accepts the position. If accepted, he chooses a papal name and becomes Pope immediately. The announcement is made from St. Peter’s Basilica with the phrase Habemus Papam (“We have a Pope”), followed by the new Pope’s first blessing to the public. Britannica
Ensuring Secrecy and Integrity
The election process is governed by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici Gregis, which mandates strict secrecy. Any violations, such as unauthorized communication or interference, can lead to excommunication. Electors take oaths to uphold these rules, ensuring the election’s integrity. Wikipedia
Potential Candidates
Several cardinals are considered potential successors as the Church prepares for the conclave. Cardinals Pietro Parolin and Luis Antonio Tagle are among those viewed as strong candidates, reflecting the Church’s diverse global representation. The Guardian
Conclusion
The passing of Pope Francis marks a significant moment in the Catholic Church’s history. As the faithful mourn, the Church embarks on the sacred tradition of electing a new leader to guide its future.
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